管网水中AOC、MAP与细菌再生长的关系研究

生物可同化有机碳（AOC）一直被认为是控制管网水中细菌再生长的主要因素,最近的研究表明磷也有可能成为限制因素.研究了配水管网中AOC含量（40.84～551.35μg/L）和微生物可利用磷（MAP）含量（0.69～8.01μg/L）均较高的情况下,它们对细菌再生长的影响.结果表明：AOC是控制细菌再生长的主要因素,管网水中的最大AOC浓度决定了细菌再生长能够达到的最大异养菌数（HPC）;磷不是控制管网中细菌再生长的主要因素.     

好氧颗粒污泥中细菌藻酸盐的提取和鉴定

使用Na2CO3将好氧颗粒污泥由凝胶颗粒转化为溶胶,并从中提取出占颗粒污泥干质量约(35.1±1.9)%的细菌藻酸盐,确定了好氧颗粒污泥中单一细菌胞外多糖组分--细菌藻酸盐的提取方法,使好氧颗粒污泥细菌胞外多糖的研究深入到单一多糖组分的层次.好氧颗粒污泥中细菌藻酸盐的发现,不仅证明了贫营养条件是好氧颗粒污泥形成的必要条件,为好氧颗粒污泥中细菌胞外多糖的深入研究奠定了基础,而且也表明了好氧颗粒污泥在农业、化学和医药等领域中潜在的应用前景.     

纤维素基减水剂对水泥水化的影响

本文研究了水溶性丁基磺酸纤维素(SBC)在水泥净浆中应用,测定了SBC对水泥净浆流动度、凝结时间的影响,测定不同龄期水泥浆体水化热及采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)分析水泥净浆水化性能。研究结果显示,SBC是一种具有缓凝特性的减水剂,而缓凝特性仅表现在水泥水化初期,水化龄期超过3d,水泥净浆的水化更加充分,后期强度明显增加。     

Concentration du virus de l'hepatite a sur des membranes de celluloseHepatitis a virus concentration on cellulose membranes

Viral hepatitis type A is the most prevalent waterborne disease in U.S.A. and the number of cases has been increasing in recent years (Melnick et al., 1978). Till now, few works were performed on Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) concentration in water (Hejkal et al., 1982, Elkana et al., 1983). In this paper the filter adsorption-elution method, widely used with other viruses (Wallis and Melnick, 1967; Fields et Metcalf, 1975; Smith and Gerba, 1982), was selected to concentrate HAV from experimentally-contaminated distilled water. Filtration was performed through two cellulose membranes (RAWP 04700 and HAWP 04700 Millipore). Eluate or filtrate viruses were precipitated by polyethylene glycol 6000. HAV is detected by solid phase radioimmunoassay according to a previously described method (Deloince et al., 1982). Figure 1 shows the results of adsorbing HAV at different pH levels. Analysis of variance pointed out that, for the pH levels between 3 and 4, the differences were not significant (P = 0.05). Table 1 shows the effects of pH and number of passages of 3% beef extract or 0.2 M glycin buffer on HAV elution. For both eluents the differences in function of pH levels and number of passages of eluent through the membrane were not significant (variance analysis P = 0.05). On the other hand, the comparison between the two eluents pointed out the higher efficiency of beef extract (t-test, P = 0.001). After this procedure, HAV replication occurred in human hepatocarcinoma cells PLC/PRF/5 (Fig. 2) inoculated according to a previously described method (Crance et al., 1983). As poliovirus (Sobsey et al., 1973), HAV adsorption is the most efficient at acid pH levels. Between pH 4.5 and 5, the remarkable adsorption decrease might be related to the inversion of the HAV electrostatic charges sign, i.e. to the occurrence of an isoelectric point. The HAV elution is different from the poliovirus one, the efficiency of which increased with pH (Wallis et al., 1972) and eluent passage numbers (Farrah et al., 1976). That might suggest that from pH 7.5, both the HAV particles and membranes have negative charges which give enough repulsive forces to allow a good elution efficiency. Improvement of HAV elution efficiency by beef extract is similar to a result obtained with poliovirus by Landry et al. (1978). This effect might be explained by the proteinous material presence in beef extract. HAV replication in cell cultures shows the biological properties preservation after this procedure.     

聚合物干粉对加气混凝土用抹灰砂浆性能的影响

针对加气混凝土普通抹灰砂浆存在的保水性差、粘结强度低、易开裂空鼓等缺陷,研究了聚合物干粉对加气混凝土用抹灰砂浆性能的影响,并对该影响机理进行了讨论.研究表明,在砂浆中同时掺入羟乙基甲基纤维素醚和聚乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯可再分散乳胶粉,大大改善了砂浆的保水性、提高了和易性和粘结强度,较好地解决了普通抹灰砂浆用于加气混凝土存在的开裂、空鼓甚至脱落等问题.     

纤维素/ZnO复合膜的制备及其光催化性能

为克服纳米粉体光催化剂易团聚、难回收和容易引起二次污染等缺点,采用"一步"水热法在纤维素膜表面原位生长多孔球形微纳米ZnO颗粒。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)和热重分析仪(TG)分析了纤维素/ZnO复合膜的微观形貌、组成、晶体结构、热稳定性以及ZnO的负载量;采用紫外-可见分光光度计根据亚甲基蓝溶液的降解测试其光催化活性。结果表明:该方法可成功实现纤维素膜对ZnO颗粒的负载,且当加热时间为12h时,负载的ZnO颗粒数量多分布均匀,且为多孔球状并呈典型的纤锌矿结构。在紫外光照射下,纤维素/ZnO复合膜具有优越的光催化性能,可用于降解染料等有机物;当ZnO负载量为6 mg时,3h内亚甲基蓝的催化效率为90%。     

Kiyoteru Tokuyasu: a pioneer of cryo‐ultramicrotomy

In July 2015 Professor K.T. Tokuyasu passed away in San Diego giving us the opportunity to reflect on the contribution this electron microscopist made to the field of immunocytochemistry. His work provided a sensitive, minimally invasive approach to producing thin sections of biological material for labeling with antibodies. His approach has been applied to a wide range of biological applications and provided important information on cellular processes.     

浅谈纤维素焊条根焊在输气管道停气连头中的运用

近年来随着天然气输气管线的建设、投运量大幅增长,老旧输气管线的安全隐患问题日益增多,隐患整改迫在眉睫。安全隐患整改导致管线停气连头,而焊接质量是停气连头施工的重要指标,现就根焊焊接作业受到输气管线停气连头中的一些不利因数影响,浅谈纤维素焊条在停气连头中根焊中的运用。     

蒸压纤维水泥板覆面轻钢龙骨式复合墙体抗剪性能试验研究

为研究采用蒸压无石棉纤维素纤维水泥板(CCA板)覆面的轻钢龙骨式复合墙体的抗剪性能,进行了13片足尺墙体的水平单调加载和低周反复加载试验。试验结果表明,采用CCA板覆面轻钢龙骨式复合墙体的破坏主要表现为自攻螺钉连接处的CCA板拉裂或者螺钉拔出,最终CCA板失去传递剪力的能力而破坏,轻钢龙骨未发生明显破坏。基于试验结果,得到了各类CCA板覆面墙体的屈服荷载、最大荷载、破坏荷载以及位移延性系数等性能指标。最后,分析了CCA板厚度、密度以及加载方式对轻钢龙骨式复合墙体受剪性能的影响,并与OSB板、石膏板覆面墙体进行了比较。     

基于分子动力学的无定形纤维素热力学性质仿真

为更深入地在微观角度上研究变压器绝缘纸老化机理,利用分子动力学仿真,对不同温度下纤维素无定形区的热力学性质进行了研究。结果表明:纤维素无定形区为各向同性弹性材料,其弹性系数和各模量随着模拟温度的升高均有减小的趋势,与晶区相比,温度对其影响较大;无定形区的刚性随温度升高出现较大减弱;随着温度升高,无定形区内氢键数量减少,并且分子内氢键数目较分子间氢键数目下降快。对比晶区内的氢键数目在相同模拟温度下的极小变化,可知纤维素的老化首先是从纤维素的无定形区内分子间的氢键被破坏开始的。随模拟温度的升高,纤维素分子链运动加剧,但其末端距无明显变化。温度对纤维素无定形区的力学性质和氢键的影响从分子层次上阐明了纤维素绝缘老化实验中结晶度升高及无不定形区先行老化的微观机理。